What can we learn from historical data of social protection financing to improve outcomes for communities in the Pacific and Timor-Leste? This paper provides a comprehensive study on social protection financing in Pacific Island Countries and Timor-Leste, covering their expenditure size, composition, and historical evolution. It aims to aid analysis of this financing for decision-making purposes. The report identifies challenges and opportunities in financing social protection programs and emphasises the need for innovative financing mechanisms and an increased government commitment.